כללי האג ויגסבי ( Hague-Visby Rules)

חוקים בינלאומיים להובלה של מטענים בים. החוקים קובעים את אחריותם חובותיהם זכויותיהם וחירויותיהם של מובילים ימיים.

לראשונה נחתמו כללי האג בשנת 1924 בועידת בריסל אשר שמה הרשמי : ‘International Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules of Law relating to Bills of Lading’ הועידה הבינלאומית לחוקים המתייחסים לשטרי מטען.האמנה שנחתמה בוועידה שילבה את חוק שטרי המטען האנגלי עם חוק הארטר האמריקאי וקבעה משטר בינ’ל אחיד להובלת מטענים בים ע’פ שטרי מטען.

כללי האג ויסבי –’Protocol to Amend the International Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules of Law Relating to Bills of Lading’ החליפו בשנת 1968 את כללי האג. השינוי האחרון נערך ב- 1979. המדינות השותפות חתמו על השינויים החדשים באופן סמלי בעיר ויסבי (Visby) בירתו של האי השוודי גוטלנד בים הבלטי. במקום זה נמל עתיק יומין שהחל מהמאה ה-13 היה מרכז למסחר ימי ואשר הוציא חוקים ימיים משלו.

עד היום הצטרפו לכללי האג כ- 50 מדינות. רוב המדינות אשר הצטרפו לאמנה חוקקו חוקים פנימיים לאימוץ האמנה. כך גם פלשתינה ב-1926. החוק באנגליה ובארה’ב דומה ושמו COGSA. מספר מדינות כגון גרמניה ארגנטינה פינלנד ועוד אימצו כללים אלה לתוך מערכת המשפט שלהן. אולם עדיין מדינות רבות לא הפכו את תיקוני האג ויסבי לחלק אינטגראלי של המערכת החוקים המשפטיים הנוגעים להובלת סחורות בים.המשפט הישראלי אימץ כללים אלו במסגרת פקודת הובלת טובין בים. לראשונה אושרה ההצטרפות לאמנה על ידי שלטון המנדט הבריטי ב- 1926 ומדינת ישראל הצטרפה לאמנה בספטמבר 1959.

0506672102

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