היצף

היצף (באנגלית: Dumping) הוא מושג בסחר בינלאומי המתאר יצוא סחורות במחירים נמוכים מהמחירים בהם נמכרות הסחורות בארץ המוצא שלהן ולעיתים אף במחירים נמוכים מעלויות הייצור.

ההיצף משמש יצרנים ומשווקים המנסים לחדור לשוק חדש או לדחוק את רגלי המתחרים על מנת להשתלט על השוק. תחילה קונים את כלל הסחורות, מניות או החברות העוסקות באותו התחום או מייצרות את אותו המוצר במחיר גבוה מעל המבוקש, כך שבעל החברה או המניות יתפתו למכור את המוצר. אז פונים למכירת המוצר במחיר מוזל, לפעמים במחיר הפסד, או מחיר היצף, עד לדחיקת כלל המתחרים והשתלטות מוחלטת על השוק, כך שאותו קונה נשאר הבעלים הבלעדיים למכירת המוצר.

לאחר השתלטותו של אותו היצרן או המשווק על כלל השוק, ביכולתו לקבוע מחיר גבוה או זול כרצונו. לרוב, פונים שחקנים מסוג זה בלעדית למוצר הטוב והמשוכלל ביותר הקיים בשוק, תוך התעלמות ודחיקת כל יתר המוצרים ומתחרים הפועלים באותו התחום. לעיתים מוכרים מוצר בהיצף לאור עודפי ייצור מקריים או מסחורה שנותרה לאחר פשיטות רגל.^[1]

ההיצף נתפס כתחרות לא הוגנת ובמדינות רבות ננקטה חקיקה האוסרת אותו לחלוטין או מטילה מגבלות וסנקציות כנגד הנוקטים בו.

0506672102

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